caliphs

美 [?kæl?f] 　英 ['ke?l?f]

• n.哈里發(fā)
• 網(wǎng)絡(luò)麥葉；立發(fā)

詞形變化

復(fù)數(shù)：caliphs  

英漢解釋

n.	1. 哈里發(fā)

英英解釋

n.	1. a Muslim man who was a religious and political leader in the past

例句

If some Shia do slander the three caliphs and Ayisha, they do it out of ignorance and should ask God' s forgiveness.

如果有什葉派的人誹謗前三代哈里發(fā)和阿伊莎，他們是因?yàn)?/c>無(wú)知，并應(yīng)該因此向真主求饒。

In the 7th century, Islamic caliphs began to exert control over the area.

在7世紀(jì)，伊斯蘭教的哈里發(fā)們開(kāi)始控制這個(gè)地區(qū)。

But the precedents are not clear: some caliphs took power by inheritance, others through consensus, others by force.

但是，那些先例并非絕對(duì)：一些哈里發(fā)通過(guò)繼承而掌權(quán)，另一些是通過(guò)協(xié)商，其他的則是通過(guò)武力。

After the first four caliphs, the religious and political authorities in Islam were never again united under one institution.

經(jīng)過(guò)前四個(gè)caliphs，宗教和政治機(jī)關(guān)在伊斯蘭教永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再下美國(guó)一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)。

When the Fatimid dynasty rose to power in North Africa, its caliphs perfected the art of the propaganda feast.

當(dāng)法蒂瑪王朝在北非掌握政權(quán)后，阿里發(fā)使宣傳盛宴的藝術(shù)更加爐火純青。

Response: Shia consider the first three caliphs as great companions and good Muslim administrators, but not spiritual leaders (imams).

回應(yīng)：什葉派認(rèn)為前三位哈里發(fā)是偉大的圣門(mén)弟子、穆斯林的優(yōu)秀管理者，但不是精神領(lǐng)袖（伊瑪目）。

The early caliphs of Islam learned this lesson too.

早期的伊斯蘭哈里們發(fā)也明白了這個(gè)道理。

as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.

在那里被巴格達(dá)哈里發(fā)雇為雇傭軍。

The caliphs spread the long-standing Middle Eastern practice of irrigation to the countries they conquered;

哈里發(fā)將中東歷史悠久的灌溉技術(shù)推廣到他們征服的土地上；