scratch

美 [skræt?] 　英 [skræt?]

v.劃傷；撓；取消；刮壞
n.劃傷；搔癢；刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳聲；撓癢
adj.倉(cāng)促拼湊的；無(wú)讓桿的；無(wú)差點(diǎn)的
網(wǎng)絡(luò)刮傷；刮痕；扒

詞形變化

第三人稱單數(shù)：scratches 現(xiàn)在分詞：scratching 過(guò)去式：scratched

反義詞

keep , continue

同義詞

cut , scrape , graze , score , nick

itch , rub , grate , abrade , cancel

英漢雙解

用指甲撓rub with your nails

1.	[t][i] 撓，搔（癢處）to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching

	John yawned and scratched his chin. 約翰打個(gè)哈欠，撓撓下巴。
	The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 狗用爪子撓撓耳后。
	Try not to scratch. 盡量別撓。
	She scratched at the insect bites on her arm. 她撓了撓胳膊上蟲(chóng)咬的包。

劃破皮膚cut skin

2.	[t][i] 劃破，抓破，劃傷，抓傷（皮膚）to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp

	I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 我把腿抓出了血。
	Does the cat scratch? 這只貓抓人嗎？
	She scratched herself on a nail. 她被釘子劃了一下。

損壞表面damage surface

3.	[t] ~ sth （尤指意外地）擦破，劃損，刮壞to damage the surface of sth, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it

	Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 小心別刮壞家具。
	The car's paintwork is badly scratched. 車(chē)的漆面劃損得很厲害。

造成╱去除痕跡make/remove mark

4.	[t] ~ sth + adv./prep. 刮出（或刮去）痕跡；劃下（或擦去）痕跡to make or remove a mark, etc. on sth deliberately, by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp

	They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch. 他們?cè)谀嗟厣蟿澇鲆粋€(gè)球場(chǎng)。
	We scratched some of the dirt away. 我們刮掉了一些臟東西。
	You can scratch my name off the list. 你可以把我的名字從名單上勾掉。

發(fā)出聲音make sound

5.	[i] (+ adv./prep.) 刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳聲to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with sth sharp

His pen scratched away on the paper.

他的筆在紙上沙沙地響。

生計(jì)a living

6.	[t] ~ a living 勉強(qiáng)維持生活to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty

取消cancel

7.	[t][i] 取消；撤銷(xiāo)；退出to decide that sth cannot happen or sb/sth cannot take part in sth, before it starts

	to scratch a rocket launch 取消火箭發(fā)射計(jì)劃
	The horse was scratched from the race because of injury. 這匹馬因傷被取消了比賽資格。
	She had scratched because of a knee injury. 她因膝傷退出了比賽。

劃痕；劃傷mark/cut

1.	[c] （皮膚或物體表面上的）劃痕，劃傷a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching sb's skin or the surface of sth

	Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles. 她手上布滿了荊棘劃的口子。
	a scratch on the paintwork 漆面上的一道劃痕
	It's only a scratch(= a very slight injury) . 不過(guò)是輕微的劃傷。
	He escaped without a scratch(= was not hurt at all) . 他毫發(fā)未損地逃了出去。

聲音sound

2.	[sing] 刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳聲the unpleasant sound of sth sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface

用指甲with your nails

3.	[sing] 撓癢；搔癢the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches

Go on, have a good scratch!

來(lái)吧，好好撓一撓！

adj.

1.	倉(cāng)促拼湊的put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available

a scratch team

一支倉(cāng)促組建的隊(duì)伍

2.	無(wú)讓桿的；無(wú)差點(diǎn)的with no handicap

a scratch player

參加無(wú)讓桿比賽的球手

習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)

scratch your head (over sth)

苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；絞盡腦汁to think hard in order to find an answer to sth

scratch the surface (of sth)

作膚淺的探討；淺嘗輒止；隔靴搔癢to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem

you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours

禮尚往來(lái)；私相授受used to say that if sb helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others

from scratch

從頭開(kāi)始；從零開(kāi)始without any previous preparation or knowledge

I learned German from scratch in six months.

我從零學(xué)起，六個(gè)月學(xué)會(huì)了德語(yǔ)。

從頭（做起）；從零開(kāi)始from the very beginning, not using any of the work done earlier

They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.

他們決定拆掉機(jī)器，從頭再來(lái)。

up to scratch

達(dá)到要求；合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)as good as sth/sb should be

	His work simply isn't up to scratch. 他的工作根本達(dá)不到要求。
	It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch. 得幾個(gè)月工夫才能使樂(lè)隊(duì)像個(gè)樣子。

英漢解釋

v.	1. (用爪,針等)搔;搔(癢);抓;抓(表面);刨;用爪刨[扒,挖](洞) 2. 抓傷[破];刮壞 3. 潦草地寫(xiě);涂寫(xiě);亂畫(huà) 4. (將馬)從名單中勾消掉;(使)退出比賽;〈美〉(把...)從后補(bǔ)人名單中刪掉 5. 刺刺地抓;作刮擦聲 6. 涂掉,勾消;勾劃掉 (out out of) 7. 停止;丟棄 8. 刨攏在一塊,湊合 9. 勉強(qiáng)維持;〈美俚〉偽造(支票) 10. (說(shuō)唱樂(lè)錄音中)(使)做出擦音效果
n.	1. 抓痕;搔痕;劃痕 2. 抓傷;擦傷;微傷 3. 【地】擦痕;【建】刮痕 4. 抓;搔 5. 搔聲;刮擦聲 6. 〈口〉拙筆;亂寫(xiě) 7. 【臺(tái)】造成罰分的一擊;空球(亦要罰分) 8. 【體】(不接受讓步待遇者的)平賽起步線;平賽起跑時(shí)間[開(kāi)始時(shí)間] 9. 【體】零分;平局 10. 【拳】拳擊開(kāi)始線 11. 馬腳葡萄瘡 12. 半假發(fā) 13. 〈美俚〉偽造者;假造的支票[鈔票] 14. (說(shuō)唱樂(lè)錄音中的)擦音(技術(shù))
adj.	1. 〈俚〉東拼西湊的;(船員,球隊(duì)等)臨時(shí)湊成的;湊合的;龐雜的,各種各樣的 2. 碰巧的;偶然的 3. 平等比賽的;(賽跑等)無(wú)讓步的 4. 隨便寫(xiě)的;打草稿用的

英英解釋

v.	1. to pull your nails along your skin, especially because you have an itch that makes you want to do this 2. to cut someone’s skin slightly with something sharp; to damage a surface by marking it with something sharp or rough 3. to move something sharp against a hard surface and make a noise; to produce new sounds by moving a record backward and forward quickly with your hand while the stylus is resting on the record 4. to remove something, for example a word from a sentence or something from a list; to remove someone from a race before it begins 5. to decide not to continue with something such as a plan or a project 6. to write something very quickly and carelessly
n.	1. a cut on the surface of your skin; a thin mark on a surface; used for emphasizing that someone is not hurt at all or that something is not damaged at all 2. a sound made by moving something sharp or rough against a hard surface 3. the action of pulling your nails along your skin
adj.	1. a scratch player is one who does not have a handicap 2. a scratch team or game is one that is organized quickly using any players who are available

例句

Residents who had refused to go outside before would join him on the front lawn to ~~scratch~~ his ears.

療養(yǎng)中心那些原來(lái)不愿意出來(lái)的老人們也開(kāi)始來(lái)到樓前草地搔它的耳朵。

But America is not starting from ~~scratch~~, and none of the plans in Congress shows an appetite for such a European solution.

但是美國(guó)并沒(méi)有從零開(kāi)始，國(guó)會(huì)提出的議案中，沒(méi)有任何一項(xiàng)有意效仿歐洲的這種解決方法。

Do not use abrasive kitchen cleaners, as they will ~~scratch~~ the surface.

不要使用磨料廚房清潔劑，因?yàn)?/c>它們將觸及表面而傷害到它。

But ~~scratch~~ just below the surface, and you'll see that drug makers are crazy like a fox.

但是透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)制藥商像狐貍一樣狡猾。

"We are only beginning to ~~scratch~~ the surface, " says Mallet.

馬拉特說(shuō)，“我們現(xiàn)在只是剛開(kāi)始觸及到問(wèn)題的表面?！?/jz>

If you were to make many of these convenience foods yourself, from ~~scratch~~, you would see that they don't really taste anything alike.

如果你自己要用這些方便食品做飯菜，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些食品從一開(kāi)始就什么味道都不像。

There were ways to get to 60 votes. The White House just had to ~~scratch~~ it out with a real strategy and a never-let-go attitude.

拿到60票有很多辦法。但白宮一定要規(guī)劃一份真正的策略出來(lái)，要有絕不放棄的態(tài)度。

But with the help of the palladium techniques, scientists are now able to make it from ~~scratch~~, enough to start clinical testing.

在鈀技術(shù)的幫助下，科學(xué)家如今可以從頭合成，足以開(kāi)始臨床測(cè)試。

Furniture ~~scratch~~ repair: Make a paste of coffee grounds and a little water and apply to furniture scratches with a Q-tip.

修補(bǔ)家具上的刮痕：用少許水將咖啡渣制成糨糊狀，然后快速地粘在家具的刮痕處。

Exposure to cats may raise a question of cat-~~scratch~~ fever in a patient who presents with unilateral lymphadenopathy of an extremity.

和貓有過(guò)接觸肢體單側(cè)淋巴結(jié)病的病人可能和貓爪熱有關(guān)。

For the problem described here, it would be possible to construct a collaboration from ~~scratch~~ or to reuse an existing collaboration.

對(duì)這里描述的問(wèn)題，可能要從頭構(gòu)造一個(gè)協(xié)作或是重用現(xiàn)有協(xié)作。

In this short talk, I can only ~~scratch~~ the surface of the database and its implications.

在這篇短文中，我只能截取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的一點(diǎn)皮毛和啟示。

Post-graduates are supposed to be expert in their areas of study, rather than to ~~scratch~~ the surface of their fields.

研究生應(yīng)該精通自己的專業(yè)，而不是對(duì)其~~略知皮毛~~。

We thought we were documenting it for posterity, but there they are, haunting me with an exactness that doesn't even ~~scratch~~ the surface.

我們以為自己是在為子孫保存紀(jì)錄，但它們只是忠實(shí)地記錄了我沒(méi)刮胡子的樣子。

As obvious as this should be, it's often helpful to be able to clean up what you've done and start from ~~scratch~~.

顯然，如果能夠清除所做的工作，然后重新開(kāi)始新的工作常常是有益的。

For a plate of fine scratches, can be used to dip in a little dilute sulfuric acid with a soft brush on ~~scratch~~ Office for processing.

差于印版上的劃痕，可以用細(xì)毛筆蘸極眾稀硫酸涂在劃痕處辦理。

the foreman turned round to hear patiently and , lifting an elbow , began to ~~scratch~~ slowly in the armpit of his alpaca jacket.

工長(zhǎng)掉過(guò)身來(lái)，好耐著性子去傾聽(tīng)。他舉起一只胳膊肘，開(kāi)始慢慢地撓他身上那件羊駝呢夾克的腋窩底下。

Sows are kept in gestation crates the size of their bodies and never able to turn around or even ~~scratch~~ themselves.

母豬被關(guān)在和它們身體差不多大小的孕期圍欄里不能轉(zhuǎn)身，甚至蹭癢癢。

Pele, perhaps the greatest player ever in the world's most popular sport, is still trying to ~~scratch~~ out a living at the age of 68.

貝利（Pele）也許是足球這一世界上最熱門(mén)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)史上最偉大的球員，但已經(jīng)68歲的他仍在辛苦謀生。

The guy dropped a piece of the glass into a bag full of keys and shook it hard; it came out without a ~~scratch~~ on it!

他將這片玻璃扔進(jìn)一個(gè)裝滿鑰匙的袋子里，然后使勁搖晃；當(dāng)拿出來(lái)時(shí)，它居然沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)劃痕。

Drouet felt a ~~scratch~~ in his throat.

杜洛埃覺(jué)得喉頭有些發(fā)癢。

So the poor thing was longing for you to tickle her and she did when you did tickle her was ~~scratch~~ you, why did that happen?

可憐的是她想讓你逗她，當(dāng)你逗她的時(shí)候她也撓你了，為什么會(huì)這樣呢？

However, chip designers are faced with a difficult challenge when trying to develop a ten million gate design from ~~scratch~~.

但是，芯片設(shè)計(jì)師面對(duì)一個(gè)困難的挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)設(shè)法發(fā)展十百萬(wàn)個(gè)門(mén)從頭設(shè)計(jì)。

The stump of Tyrion's nose was itching fiercely. He gave it a ~~scratch~~.

提利昂的半截鼻子奇癢無(wú)比，他抓了抓它。

That tells me that either their software is not up to ~~scratch~~ or something funny is going on.

這只能說(shuō)不是他們的軟件不~~達(dá)標(biāo)~~，就是出了怪事。

The utility model is fast and convenient to demount staples and is not easy to ~~scratch~~ paper surface, which is an ideal office appliance.

本實(shí)用新型拆除書(shū)釘快捷、方便，又不易劃傷紙面是一種理想的辦公用具。

With a localized problem like this, the logical course of action is not to scrap your entire car and try to rebuild it from ~~scratch~~.

對(duì)于這樣的局部問(wèn)題，合理的做法不是拆除整個(gè)汽車(chē)并從頭開(kāi)始重新構(gòu)建它。

Please do not hit me. I cannot hit back, but I can bite and ~~scratch~~ and I don't ever want to feel the need to do that.

請(qǐng)不要打我。我不能還手，但我可以咬你或者抓傷你，而我壓根不想產(chǎn)生沖動(dòng)去做那種事。

On the card than to ~~scratch~~ with the knife and easy to use, I said this method.

比給牌上用小刀劃比較容易上手，我說(shuō)的這個(gè)方法。

The features and methods discussed in this article really only ~~scratch~~ the surface of what you can accomplish with an ADC.

這篇文章中對(duì)于特性和方法的討論僅僅是淺嘗輒止，旨在讓您了解可以利用ADC實(shí)現(xiàn)哪些目標(biāo)。

Pay for one to be modified or produced from ~~scratch~~ if your needs cannot be met any other way.

如果你不能找到任何其他的方法，那么需要為模板（修改的模板或從頭開(kāi)始制作的模板）付費(fèi)。

'Good gracious, yes-but you must n't let him ~~scratch~~ that wound, 'said the vet, washing his hands. 'If he does, it may go wrong. '

“真有禮貌，是的-但是你千萬(wàn)不能讓他抓到傷口?！?c>獸醫(yī)一邊洗手一邊說(shuō)“如果他這樣做了，那會(huì)很糟的?！?/jz>

In the case of a new method built from ~~scratch~~, the Method Definition is empty at the beginning of the project.

從新創(chuàng)建方法的例子中，方法定義在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)始是空白。

There, I learnt that everything is possible because companies that have come from there begin from ~~scratch~~.

在那里，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，什么事情都有可能，因?yàn)?/c>從那里出來(lái)的很多公司都是從零做起的。

So one of our talented artists, Michal Gutowski spent a year dedicated to the vegetation, modelling every one of our 80+ trees from ~~scratch~~.

因此，我們的天才美工師，麥克·古托夫斯基在植被上花費(fèi)了一年心血，為我們80多種樹(shù)木的每一個(gè)都從頭開(kāi)始制作了模型。

If part of the prototype was a problem for one user, you can ~~scratch~~ it out or replace it before the next user arrives.

如果原型的某個(gè)部分對(duì)某個(gè)用戶存在問(wèn)題，你可以在下一個(gè)用戶到來(lái)之前劃掉或者更換它。

Daniel was thrown into a lions den, and he came out without a ~~scratch~~.

但以理被丟進(jìn)獅子坑，出來(lái)時(shí)毫無(wú)損傷。

But ~~scratch~~ the surface and the differences between the great spy scandals of the Cold War and the current case are actually glaring.

但在初步研究一下，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的案子與冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的主要間諜丑聞有著令人吃驚的區(qū)別。

the flexibility of the fiber leads the abrasive grains not to ~~scratch~~ the surface of a polishing workpiece.

借此，所述纖維的柔韌性使所述研磨粒不易刮傷被拋光工件的表面。

These three sectors just ~~scratch~~ the surface of new job potential: China is far from suffering 'overcapacity in everything.

這三個(gè)行業(yè)僅僅反映了崗位創(chuàng)建潛力的冰山一角；中國(guó)絕對(duì)不是各行各業(yè)都產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩。

But many of you are still trying to find something, anything to ~~scratch~~ out a living or build a resume.

不過(guò)，有很多人仍在努力尋找任何可以養(yǎng)活自己、或在簡(jiǎn)歷上加上一筆的工作。